YDT Paragraf Tamamlama Testi 2

Penguins are birds, but they cannot fly. ---- Their wings have evolved into stiff flippers that allow them to 'fly' through the water at impressive speeds. Some species can dive to depths of more than 500 metres in search of fish.

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Handwashing is one of the simplest and most effective ways to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. ---- Yet in the mid-nineteenth century, when the Hungarian doctor Ignaz Semmelweis suggested that doctors should wash their hands before treating patients, his ideas were rejected by many of his colleagues.

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---- In Japan, for instance, leaving a tip is often considered unnecessary or even rude, whereas in the United States a tip of 15 to 20 percent is generally expected. In some European countries, a service charge is already included in the bill, so customers leave only small change, if anything.

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For centuries, sailors dreaded scurvy, a disease that caused bleeding gums, weakness and eventually death on long voyages. ---- In the 1740s, a Scottish naval surgeon named James Lind carried out one of the first controlled trials in medical history and found that sailors given citrus fruits recovered quickly. It was later discovered that the disease is caused by a lack of vitamin C.

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Many people believe that goldfish have a memory span of only three seconds. ---- In experiments, goldfish have been trained to push levers for food and to respond to particular sounds, and they have remembered these tasks for months. The myth may have survived simply because it offers a convenient excuse for keeping fish in small bowls.

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Bamboo is often mistaken for a tree, but it is in fact a type of grass. Some species can grow almost a metre in a single day, making them among the fastest-growing plants on Earth. ---- As a result, bamboo is increasingly being used as an environmentally friendly alternative to wood in construction and furniture-making.

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In the early days of cinema, films had no recorded sound. ---- Musicians played live in the cinema, and short written texts called intertitles appeared on the screen to show dialogue. When sound films arrived in the late 1920s, many silent-film actors whose voices did not suit the new technology found their careers suddenly over.

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Economists have long debated whether money can buy happiness. Early studies suggested that once people's basic needs were met, further increases in income made little difference to how satisfied they felt. ---- Rather than levelling off, reported life satisfaction continued to rise with income, even among relatively wealthy participants. Some researchers now argue that the key question is not how much money people have but how they spend it.

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Many historians once described the period following the fall of the Western Roman Empire as the 'Dark Ages', a time of cultural decline and ignorance. ---- Monasteries preserved and copied ancient texts, new agricultural techniques increased food production, and trade networks continued to link Europe with the Islamic world and beyond. For this reason, most scholars now avoid the term altogether.

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When a new technology appears, people often assume it will replace the old one entirely. ---- Radio did not disappear when television arrived, and cinemas survived the spread of home video. Instead, older media tend to adapt, finding new roles alongside their successors. Radio, for instance, became a companion for drivers and workers rather than the main source of family entertainment.

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