Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures. According to the passage, the urban heat island effect is mainly caused by ----.

the replacement of natural vegetation with heat-absorbing materials

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures. It is stated in the passage that asphalt and concrete ----.

release the heat they absorb slowly during the night

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures. The passage suggests that the urban heat island effect ----.

can pose a health risk, especially for older people during heatwaves

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way of reducing the urban heat island effect?

Reducing traffic in city centres

The placebo effect occurs when a patient's condition improves after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For a long time, doctors regarded the effect as a nuisance that made it harder to test new drugs. More recently, however, researchers have begun to see it as a genuine phenomenon worth studying in its own right. Brain-imaging studies show that when patients expect relief from pain, their brains release natural painkillers called endorphins. Interestingly, the effect seems to depend partly on the patient's beliefs about the treatment: expensive-looking pills, for example, tend to produce stronger effects than cheap ones. Some studies have even found that patients can benefit from placebos when they are told openly that the pills contain no medicine. According to the passage, the placebo effect ----.

involves an improvement in a patient's condition after an inactive treatment

The placebo effect occurs when a patient's condition improves after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For a long time, doctors regarded the effect as a nuisance that made it harder to test new drugs. More recently, however, researchers have begun to see it as a genuine phenomenon worth studying in its own right. Brain-imaging studies show that when patients expect relief from pain, their brains release natural painkillers called endorphins. Interestingly, the effect seems to depend partly on the patient's beliefs about the treatment: expensive-looking pills, for example, tend to produce stronger effects than cheap ones. Some studies have even found that patients can benefit from placebos when they are told openly that the pills contain no medicine. It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of researchers towards the placebo effect ----.

has changed from seeing it as a problem to seeing it as a subject of study

The placebo effect occurs when a patient's condition improves after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For a long time, doctors regarded the effect as a nuisance that made it harder to test new drugs. More recently, however, researchers have begun to see it as a genuine phenomenon worth studying in its own right. Brain-imaging studies show that when patients expect relief from pain, their brains release natural painkillers called endorphins. Interestingly, the effect seems to depend partly on the patient's beliefs about the treatment: expensive-looking pills, for example, tend to produce stronger effects than cheap ones. Some studies have even found that patients can benefit from placebos when they are told openly that the pills contain no medicine. The example of expensive-looking pills is given to show that ----.

patients' expectations can influence the strength of the placebo effect

Octopuses are widely considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They can open jars, escape from aquarium tanks and use coconut shells as portable shelters. What makes their intelligence particularly fascinating is that it evolved independently of that of mammals and birds. About two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are located not in its brain but in its arms, which allows each arm to react to its surroundings with a degree of independence. However, octopuses live for only one or two years and, unlike many intelligent animals, they receive no care from their parents. This means that almost everything they know must be learned through their own experience, which makes their abilities all the more remarkable. According to the passage, what is unusual about the octopus's nervous system?

Most of its neurons are found in its arms rather than in its brain.

Octopuses are widely considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They can open jars, escape from aquarium tanks and use coconut shells as portable shelters. What makes their intelligence particularly fascinating is that it evolved independently of that of mammals and birds. About two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are located not in its brain but in its arms, which allows each arm to react to its surroundings with a degree of independence. However, octopuses live for only one or two years and, unlike many intelligent animals, they receive no care from their parents. This means that almost everything they know must be learned through their own experience, which makes their abilities all the more remarkable. The author mentions that octopuses receive no parental care in order to ----.

emphasise how impressive it is that they learn so much on their own

Octopuses are widely considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They can open jars, escape from aquarium tanks and use coconut shells as portable shelters. What makes their intelligence particularly fascinating is that it evolved independently of that of mammals and birds. About two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are located not in its brain but in its arms, which allows each arm to react to its surroundings with a degree of independence. However, octopuses live for only one or two years and, unlike many intelligent animals, they receive no care from their parents. This means that almost everything they know must be learned through their own experience, which makes their abilities all the more remarkable. Which of the following can be understood from the passage?

Intelligence in octopuses and mammals developed along separate evolutionary paths.

YDT Okuma Parçası Testi

YDT İngilizce Okuma Parçası konusundan 10 soruluk süreli test. Başla butonuna bas, soruları çöz; bitirdiğinde netini ve her sorunun çözümünü anında gör. Testin altında konu özetini de bulabilirsin.

10 soru
15 dakika
Çözümlü
Test 1/2

15:00 0/10 soru işaretlendi

Soru 1

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures.

According to the passage, the urban heat island effect is mainly caused by ----.
Soru 2

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures.

It is stated in the passage that asphalt and concrete ----.
Soru 3

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures.

The passage suggests that the urban heat island effect ----.
Soru 4

Cities are often several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. The main cause is the replacement of natural vegetation with materials such as asphalt and concrete, which absorb sunlight during the day and release it slowly at night. In addition, heat produced by vehicles, air conditioners and factories adds to the problem. The effect is not merely a matter of discomfort: during heatwaves, higher urban temperatures can increase the risk of heat-related illness, particularly among elderly people. Fortunately, relatively simple measures can reduce the effect. Planting trees provides shade and cools the air through evaporation, while painting roofs white allows them to reflect rather than absorb sunlight. Some cities have also begun creating 'green roofs', which are covered with plants, to lower building temperatures.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a way of reducing the urban heat island effect?
Soru 5

The placebo effect occurs when a patient's condition improves after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For a long time, doctors regarded the effect as a nuisance that made it harder to test new drugs. More recently, however, researchers have begun to see it as a genuine phenomenon worth studying in its own right. Brain-imaging studies show that when patients expect relief from pain, their brains release natural painkillers called endorphins. Interestingly, the effect seems to depend partly on the patient's beliefs about the treatment: expensive-looking pills, for example, tend to produce stronger effects than cheap ones. Some studies have even found that patients can benefit from placebos when they are told openly that the pills contain no medicine.

According to the passage, the placebo effect ----.
Soru 6

The placebo effect occurs when a patient's condition improves after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For a long time, doctors regarded the effect as a nuisance that made it harder to test new drugs. More recently, however, researchers have begun to see it as a genuine phenomenon worth studying in its own right. Brain-imaging studies show that when patients expect relief from pain, their brains release natural painkillers called endorphins. Interestingly, the effect seems to depend partly on the patient's beliefs about the treatment: expensive-looking pills, for example, tend to produce stronger effects than cheap ones. Some studies have even found that patients can benefit from placebos when they are told openly that the pills contain no medicine.

It can be inferred from the passage that the attitude of researchers towards the placebo effect ----.
Soru 7

The placebo effect occurs when a patient's condition improves after receiving a treatment that has no active ingredient, such as a sugar pill. For a long time, doctors regarded the effect as a nuisance that made it harder to test new drugs. More recently, however, researchers have begun to see it as a genuine phenomenon worth studying in its own right. Brain-imaging studies show that when patients expect relief from pain, their brains release natural painkillers called endorphins. Interestingly, the effect seems to depend partly on the patient's beliefs about the treatment: expensive-looking pills, for example, tend to produce stronger effects than cheap ones. Some studies have even found that patients can benefit from placebos when they are told openly that the pills contain no medicine.

The example of expensive-looking pills is given to show that ----.
Soru 8

Octopuses are widely considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They can open jars, escape from aquarium tanks and use coconut shells as portable shelters. What makes their intelligence particularly fascinating is that it evolved independently of that of mammals and birds. About two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are located not in its brain but in its arms, which allows each arm to react to its surroundings with a degree of independence. However, octopuses live for only one or two years and, unlike many intelligent animals, they receive no care from their parents. This means that almost everything they know must be learned through their own experience, which makes their abilities all the more remarkable.

According to the passage, what is unusual about the octopus's nervous system?
Soru 9

Octopuses are widely considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They can open jars, escape from aquarium tanks and use coconut shells as portable shelters. What makes their intelligence particularly fascinating is that it evolved independently of that of mammals and birds. About two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are located not in its brain but in its arms, which allows each arm to react to its surroundings with a degree of independence. However, octopuses live for only one or two years and, unlike many intelligent animals, they receive no care from their parents. This means that almost everything they know must be learned through their own experience, which makes their abilities all the more remarkable.

The author mentions that octopuses receive no parental care in order to ----.
Soru 10

Octopuses are widely considered the most intelligent invertebrates. They can open jars, escape from aquarium tanks and use coconut shells as portable shelters. What makes their intelligence particularly fascinating is that it evolved independently of that of mammals and birds. About two-thirds of an octopus's neurons are located not in its brain but in its arms, which allows each arm to react to its surroundings with a degree of independence. However, octopuses live for only one or two years and, unlike many intelligent animals, they receive no care from their parents. This means that almost everything they know must be learned through their own experience, which makes their abilities all the more remarkable.

Which of the following can be understood from the passage?

Okuma Parçası Konu Özeti

Okuma parçası soruları YDT'nin en çok puan getiren bölümüdür. Bilim, tarih, çevre, psikoloji, sağlık ve sosyal bilimler gibi akademik konularda 150-250 sözcüklük parçalar verilir ve her parçaya genellikle üç ya da dört soru sorulur. Sorular ana fikir, parçada açıkça belirtilen ayrıntı, çıkarım, yazarın amacı ya da tutumu, bir sözcüğün veya ifadenin göndergesi ve parçada değinilmeyen bilgi gibi farklı becerileri ölçer. Parçalar genellikle özgün akademik metinlerden uyarlanır ve bilinmeyen sözcükler içerebilir; ancak soruların çoğu bu sözcükler bilinmeden de bağlamdan çözülebilir.

Zaman yönetimi açısından önce soruları, sonra parçayı okumak çoğu öğrenci için verimlidir. Ayrıntı sorularında sorudaki anahtar sözcük parçada bulunur ve çevresindeki cümle dikkatle okunur. Doğru seçenek parçadaki ifadeyi çoğu zaman eş anlamlı sözcüklerle yeniden ifade eder. 'According to the passage' ayrıntıyı, 'It can be inferred' çıkarımı, 'in order to' ise yazarın amacını sorar. YDT'de yaklaşık beş parça ve toplam yirmi okuma sorusu bulunur. Parçada birebir geçen sözcükleri içeren ama anlamı çarpıtan seçenekler en sık kullanılan çeldiricilerdir.

Bilmen Gerekenler

Önce soru kökünü oku; ayrıntı mı, çıkarım mı, amaç mı sorulduğunu belirle.
Parçadaki bağlayıcı sözcükleri (however, in addition, as a result) izleyerek paragrafın yapısını çıkar.
Doğru seçenek çoğu zaman parçadaki bilgiyi farklı sözcüklerle (paraphrase) verir.
'Always, never, only, completely, solely' gibi kesin sözcükler içeren seçeneklere şüpheyle yaklaş.
'NOT mentioned' sorularında her seçeneği parçada tek tek doğrula; neden olarak geçen bilgi çözüm olarak sunulmamış olabilir.
Yazarın amacı sorularında örneğin hangi genel yargıyı desteklediğini bul.
Çıkarım sorularında parçanın doğrudan desteklediği en temkinli seçeneği tercih et.

Sık Yapılan Hatalar

Parçada geçen sözcükleri içerdiği için seçeneği işaretleyip anlam çarpıtmasını fark etmemek.
Kendi genel kültür bilgisine dayanarak parçada yer almayan yargıları doğru kabul etmek.
Çıkarım sorularında parçanın söylediğinin çok ötesine geçen seçenekleri seçmek.
Uzun parçalarda zamanı iyi yönetmeyip son sorulara vakit bırakmamak.

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

Okuma Parçası testini nasıl çözmeliyim?

Önce aşağıdaki konu özetini oku, ardından süreyi başlatıp soruları gerçek sınavdaki gibi çöz. Bitirdiğinde yanlış ve boş bıraktığın soruların çözümlerini incele; eksik kaldığın noktaları konu özetinden tekrar et ve testi yeniden çöz.

Okuma Parçası testi kaç soru ve kaç dakika?

Bu YDT Okuma Parçası testi 10 sorudan oluşur ve süresi 15 dakikadır. Test bittiğinde netin 4 yanlış 1 doğruyu götürür kuralına göre hesaplanır.

Sonucun

Okuma Parçası Konu Özeti

Bilmen Gerekenler

Sık Yapılan Hatalar

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular