YDT İngilizce Deneme 1 (Online, Çözümlü)

Yabancı Dil Testi (İngilizce) 80 soru · 1–80

1. Soru 1

   The new vaccine proved highly ---- in preventing the spread of the disease among elderly patients.
   Areluctant Beffective Cfragile Dobscure Ehostile

2. Soru 2

   Although the ancient manuscript was badly damaged, historians managed to ---- most of its text using modern imaging techniques.
   Aabandon Bneglect Cpostpone Dresemble Erecover

3. Soru 3

   Due to heavy snowfall, the organizers had to ---- the outdoor concert until the following weekend.
   Atake after Bput off Clook into Dgive in Erun out

4. Soru 4

   Many coastal cities are ---- vulnerable to rising sea levels, as much of their infrastructure lies only a few metres above the water.
   Abarely Bscarcely Chardly Dparticularly Eseldom

5. Soru 5

   Researchers have yet to ---- why some migratory birds lose their sense of direction during severe geomagnetic storms.
   Aturn down Bset off Ccome across Dbreak out Efigure out

6. Soru 6

   The committee's decision was based on a ---- analysis of the data rather than on the personal impressions of its members, which made it difficult for critics to challenge.
   Asuperficial Bcasual Cbiased Drigorous Epremature

7. Soru 7

   By the time the rescue team arrived at the village, most of the residents ---- to higher ground.
   Ahave already moved Bwill have moved Chad already moved Dare moving Emove

8. Soru 8

   If the bridge ---- properly maintained, it would not have collapsed during the storm.
   Ahas been Bwere Cwould be Dis Ehad been

9. Soru 9

   The professor, ---- books have been translated into more than twenty languages, will give a lecture at our university next week.
   Awhose Bwhom Cwhich Dthat Ewhat

10. Soru 10

    You ---- have seen Mark at the conference yesterday; he has been in hospital since Monday.
    Amust Bshould Ccan't Dmight Eneedn't

11. Soru 11

    ---- the high cost of the equipment, the laboratory decided to share it with two other research groups.
    AAlthough BDespite CUnless DSo that EBecause of

12. Soru 12

    The museum is expected ---- to the public again once the renovation work ---- completed.
    Aopening / will be Bto be opened / will have been Cto open / is Dopen / has Ehaving opened / was

13. Soru 13

    Hardly ---- the experiment when the power went off in the whole building.
    Athe researchers had started Bhave the researchers started Cthe researchers were starting Dhad the researchers started Ewould the researchers start

14. Soru 14

    Not only ---- the new policy reduce traffic congestion last year, but it also lowered air pollution levels in the city centre.
    Adoes Bhas Cdid Dhad Eis

15. Soru 15

    The data ---- in the survey were analysed by a team of statisticians ---- had no connection to the company.
    Acollected / who Bcollecting / which Cto collect / whom Dhaving collected / whose Ecollects / what

16. Soru 16

    ---- the drug has shown promising results in laboratory tests, it will need to be tested on a much larger group of patients ---- it can be approved for general use.
    AWhile / before BSince / after CUnless / until DAs long as / so EOnce / because

17. Soru 17

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Scientists have long suspected that sleep plays a central role in memory. Recent studies suggest that the brain does not simply rest at night; (17) ----, it actively replays the experiences of the day. During deep sleep, neural patterns that were active while a person was learning a new skill are repeated, (18) ---- strengthens the connections between brain cells. Participants who were allowed to sleep after a training session performed significantly better the next day than those who (19) ---- awake. Interestingly, even a short afternoon nap appears to (20) ---- similar benefits, although its effects are weaker. (21) ---- these findings, many researchers now argue that students who sacrifice sleep to study late into the night may actually be harming their own performance.
    
    (17) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Atherefore Botherwise Csimilarly Dinstead Emeanwhile

18. Soru 18

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Scientists have long suspected that sleep plays a central role in memory. Recent studies suggest that the brain does not simply rest at night; (17) ----, it actively replays the experiences of the day. During deep sleep, neural patterns that were active while a person was learning a new skill are repeated, (18) ---- strengthens the connections between brain cells. Participants who were allowed to sleep after a training session performed significantly better the next day than those who (19) ---- awake. Interestingly, even a short afternoon nap appears to (20) ---- similar benefits, although its effects are weaker. (21) ---- these findings, many researchers now argue that students who sacrifice sleep to study late into the night may actually be harming their own performance.
    
    (18) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Awho Bwhich Cwhat Dwhose Ewhere

19. Soru 19

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Scientists have long suspected that sleep plays a central role in memory. Recent studies suggest that the brain does not simply rest at night; (17) ----, it actively replays the experiences of the day. During deep sleep, neural patterns that were active while a person was learning a new skill are repeated, (18) ---- strengthens the connections between brain cells. Participants who were allowed to sleep after a training session performed significantly better the next day than those who (19) ---- awake. Interestingly, even a short afternoon nap appears to (20) ---- similar benefits, although its effects are weaker. (21) ---- these findings, many researchers now argue that students who sacrifice sleep to study late into the night may actually be harming their own performance.
    
    (19) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Ahave kept Bare keeping Chad been kept Dwill be kept Ekeep

20. Soru 20

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Scientists have long suspected that sleep plays a central role in memory. Recent studies suggest that the brain does not simply rest at night; (17) ----, it actively replays the experiences of the day. During deep sleep, neural patterns that were active while a person was learning a new skill are repeated, (18) ---- strengthens the connections between brain cells. Participants who were allowed to sleep after a training session performed significantly better the next day than those who (19) ---- awake. Interestingly, even a short afternoon nap appears to (20) ---- similar benefits, although its effects are weaker. (21) ---- these findings, many researchers now argue that students who sacrifice sleep to study late into the night may actually be harming their own performance.
    
    (20) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Aprevent Bresist Cdeny Doffer Ereduce

21. Soru 21

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Scientists have long suspected that sleep plays a central role in memory. Recent studies suggest that the brain does not simply rest at night; (17) ----, it actively replays the experiences of the day. During deep sleep, neural patterns that were active while a person was learning a new skill are repeated, (18) ---- strengthens the connections between brain cells. Participants who were allowed to sleep after a training session performed significantly better the next day than those who (19) ---- awake. Interestingly, even a short afternoon nap appears to (20) ---- similar benefits, although its effects are weaker. (21) ---- these findings, many researchers now argue that students who sacrifice sleep to study late into the night may actually be harming their own performance.
    
    (21) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    AIn light of BRegardless of CInstead of DContrary to EIn spite of

22. Soru 22

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Cities are usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it slowly at night, (22) ---- temperatures remain high long after sunset. One of the simplest ways to (23) ---- this problem is to plant more trees. Trees not only provide shade but also cool the air through a process called transpiration, in which water evaporates from their leaves. A study conducted in several European cities found that streets lined with trees were up to three degrees cooler than streets (24) ---- vegetation. (25) ----, trees are not a complete solution: they need space, water and regular care, which many crowded neighbourhoods cannot easily provide. City planners, therefore, are increasingly combining tree planting (26) ---- other measures, such as reflective roofs and green walls.
    
    (22) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Aas if Bunless Cwith the result that Deven though Ein case

23. Soru 23

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Cities are usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it slowly at night, (22) ---- temperatures remain high long after sunset. One of the simplest ways to (23) ---- this problem is to plant more trees. Trees not only provide shade but also cool the air through a process called transpiration, in which water evaporates from their leaves. A study conducted in several European cities found that streets lined with trees were up to three degrees cooler than streets (24) ---- vegetation. (25) ----, trees are not a complete solution: they need space, water and regular care, which many crowded neighbourhoods cannot easily provide. City planners, therefore, are increasingly combining tree planting (26) ---- other measures, such as reflective roofs and green walls.
    
    (23) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Acause Bignore Cexaggerate Dtackle Epostpone

24. Soru 24

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Cities are usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it slowly at night, (22) ---- temperatures remain high long after sunset. One of the simplest ways to (23) ---- this problem is to plant more trees. Trees not only provide shade but also cool the air through a process called transpiration, in which water evaporates from their leaves. A study conducted in several European cities found that streets lined with trees were up to three degrees cooler than streets (24) ---- vegetation. (25) ----, trees are not a complete solution: they need space, water and regular care, which many crowded neighbourhoods cannot easily provide. City planners, therefore, are increasingly combining tree planting (26) ---- other measures, such as reflective roofs and green walls.
    
    (24) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Awithout Bbeyond Cacross Dtowards Eupon

25. Soru 25

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Cities are usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it slowly at night, (22) ---- temperatures remain high long after sunset. One of the simplest ways to (23) ---- this problem is to plant more trees. Trees not only provide shade but also cool the air through a process called transpiration, in which water evaporates from their leaves. A study conducted in several European cities found that streets lined with trees were up to three degrees cooler than streets (24) ---- vegetation. (25) ----, trees are not a complete solution: they need space, water and regular care, which many crowded neighbourhoods cannot easily provide. City planners, therefore, are increasingly combining tree planting (26) ---- other measures, such as reflective roofs and green walls.
    
    (25) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    AMoreover BLikewise CFor instance DAs a result EHowever

26. Soru 26

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Cities are usually several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. Concrete and asphalt absorb heat during the day and release it slowly at night, (22) ---- temperatures remain high long after sunset. One of the simplest ways to (23) ---- this problem is to plant more trees. Trees not only provide shade but also cool the air through a process called transpiration, in which water evaporates from their leaves. A study conducted in several European cities found that streets lined with trees were up to three degrees cooler than streets (24) ---- vegetation. (25) ----, trees are not a complete solution: they need space, water and regular care, which many crowded neighbourhoods cannot easily provide. City planners, therefore, are increasingly combining tree planting (26) ---- other measures, such as reflective roofs and green walls.
    
    (26) numaralı boşluğa gelecek en uygun seçenek hangisidir?
    Ainto Bwith Cfrom Dagainst Eonto

27. Soru 27

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Unless governments invest more in renewable energy, ----.
    Athe use of solar panels has increased considerably in recent years Bmany countries had already switched to wind power Cfossil fuels were the main source of energy in the nineteenth century Dit will be difficult to meet the emission targets set for the next decade Ethe price of oil would have dropped sharply

28. Soru 28

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    ----, the students were allowed to leave the exam hall early.
    ASince they had completed all the questions in less than an hour BUnless they finish the test before noon CBefore the exam has even begun DWhether they will pass the exam or not EIn order that the exam could start on time

29. Soru 29

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    The Great Wall of China, ----, is one of the most visited tourist attractions in the world.
    Athat stretches across the northern part of the country Bwhich was built over many centuries to protect the empire from invasions Cwhere millions of tourists visit it every year Dwho attracts visitors from all over the world Ewhose construction it began in the seventh century BC

30. Soru 30

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Although electric cars produce no exhaust emissions, ----.
    Athe electricity used to charge them is often generated from fossil fuels Bmany people prefer them because they are quiet and cheap to run Cgovernments offer tax reductions to people who buy them Dtheir batteries can now be charged much faster than before Ethey are therefore considered to be environmentally friendly

31. Soru 31

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    It was not until the invention of the printing press ----.
    Awhen books had been copied by hand in monasteries Bsince ordinary people have been able to read Cbecause books would be too expensive Dwhether scholars could share their ideas Ethat books became widely available to ordinary people

32. Soru 32

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    ----, the researchers would have been able to draw more reliable conclusions.
    AIf the sample size is larger BHad the sample size been larger CUnless the sample size was larger DAs the sample size will be larger EEven though the sample size was larger

33. Soru 33

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Just as the invention of the steam engine transformed manufacturing in the nineteenth century, ----.
    Athe first railways were built in Britain during the same period Bfactory workers often had to work long hours in poor conditions Cartificial intelligence is expected to reshape many industries in the coming decades Dit was not until much later that electricity replaced steam power Efew people realized how dangerous early machines could be

34. Soru 34

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    The more time children spend reading for pleasure, ----.
    Athey will spend less time watching television Bthe fewer books their parents had bought Cso their writing skills improve over time Dthe most likely they are to succeed at school Ethe richer their vocabulary tends to become

35. Soru 35

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    ----, many species of frogs are now threatened with extinction.
    ALargely as a result of habitat loss and the spread of a deadly fungal disease BBecause their populations have grown rapidly in recent years CUnless conservation programmes had been introduced earlier DIn order to adapt to warmer temperatures EBefore scientists began to study amphibians

36. Soru 36

    Verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Some linguists argue that a language is not truly lost as long as ----.
    Aits last native speaker has passed away Bwritten records and recordings of it are preserved for future generations Cchildren were no longer taught it at home Dthe government refused to recognise it officially Efewer people speak it with each passing year

37. Soru 37

    Aşağıdaki İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümle hangisidir?
    
    Many scientists believe that regular exercise can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.
    ABazı bilim insanları, düzenli egzersizin kalp hastalığı riskini tamamen ortadan kaldırdığını düşünmektedir. BPek çok bilim insanı, düzenli egzersizin kalp hastalığı riskini önemli ölçüde azaltabileceğine inanmaktadır. CPek çok bilim insanına göre kalp hastalığı riskini azaltmanın tek yolu düzenli egzersiz yapmaktır. DPek çok bilim insanı, düzenli egzersizin kalp hastalığına yakalanma riskini artırabileceğini düşünmektedir. EBilim insanlarının çoğu, düzenli egzersiz yapan kişilerin kalp hastalığına hiç yakalanmadığını kanıtlamıştır.

38. Soru 38

    Aşağıdaki İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümle hangisidir?
    
    The museum, which was closed for renovation last year, will reopen to visitors next month.
    AGeçen yıl yenileme çalışmaları tamamlanan müze, bu ay ziyaretçilere yeniden açıldı. BGelecek ay yenileme için kapatılacak olan müze, geçen yıl ziyaretçilere açılmıştı. CGeçen yıl yenileme çalışmaları için kapatılan müze, gelecek ay ziyaretçilere yeniden açılacak. DMüze, geçen yıl yenilendikten sonra ziyaretçilere açılmış olsa da gelecek ay yeniden kapatılacak. EGeçen yıl yenileme çalışmaları için kapatılan müzenin gelecek ay ziyaretçilere açılıp açılmayacağı belli değil.

39. Soru 39

    Aşağıdaki İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümle hangisidir?
    
    Had the government taken action earlier, the damage caused by the floods would have been much less severe.
    AHükûmet erken harekete geçtiği için sellerin neden olduğu hasar çok daha az ciddi oldu. BHükûmet daha önce harekete geçmiş olsaydı, sellerin yol açtığı hasar çok daha az ciddi olurdu. CHükûmet daha erken harekete geçmezse, sellerin yol açacağı hasar çok daha ciddi olacak. DHükûmetin daha erken harekete geçmesi gerekirdi, ancak sellerin yol açtığı hasar yine de sınırlı kaldı. EHükûmet daha önce harekete geçseydi bile sellerin neden olduğu hasar pek azalmazdı.

40. Soru 40

    Aşağıdaki İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümle hangisidir?
    
    It is not the amount of money spent on education but how it is spent that determines the quality of a school system.
    ABir okul sisteminin kalitesini, eğitime harcanan paranın hem miktarı hem de nasıl harcandığı belirler. BEğitime daha fazla para harcanması, bir okul sisteminin kalitesini doğrudan artırır. CBir okul sisteminin kalitesini belirleyen şey, paranın nasıl harcandığından çok eğitime ayrılan bütçenin büyüklüğüdür. DEğitime harcanan para arttıkça, bu paranın nasıl harcandığı daha az önem taşır. EBir okul sisteminin kalitesini belirleyen şey, eğitime harcanan paranın miktarı değil, bu paranın nasıl harcandığıdır.

41. Soru 41

    Aşağıdaki İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümle hangisidir?
    
    Despite considerable progress in recent decades, scientists still know relatively little about how the human brain stores long-term memories.
    ASon on yıllarda kaydedilen önemli ilerlemeye rağmen bilim insanları, insan beyninin uzun süreli anıları nasıl depoladığı hakkında hâlâ görece az şey bilmektedir. BSon on yıllarda kaydedilen önemli ilerleme sayesinde bilim insanları, insan beyninin uzun süreli anıları nasıl depoladığını artık büyük ölçüde bilmektedir. CBilim insanları son yıllarda insan beyninin uzun süreli anıları nasıl depoladığına dair hiçbir ilerleme kaydedememiştir. DSon on yıllarda önemli ilerleme kaydedilmiş olsa da bilim insanları, insan beyninin kısa süreli anıları nasıl işlediğini hâlâ tam olarak açıklayamamaktadır. EBilim insanları, insan beyninin uzun süreli anıları nasıl depoladığını anlamak için son on yıllarda önemli çaba harcamış, ancak bu alanda çalışan az sayıda uzman kalmıştır.

42. Soru 42

    Aşağıdaki İngilizce cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümle hangisidir?
    
    Only when the long-term effects of the new pesticide have been fully investigated should farmers be allowed to use it on a large scale.
    AYeni tarım ilacının uzun vadeli etkileri tamamen araştırıldığı için çiftçilerin onu geniş çapta kullanmasına izin verilmiştir. BÇiftçilerin yeni tarım ilacını geniş çapta kullanmaları, ilacın uzun vadeli etkilerinin araştırılmasını kolaylaştıracaktır. CYeni tarım ilacının uzun vadeli etkileri araştırılırken çiftçilerin onu sınırlı ölçüde kullanmasına izin verilebilir. DÇiftçilerin yeni tarım ilacını geniş çapta kullanmasına ancak ilacın uzun vadeli etkileri tamamen araştırıldıktan sonra izin verilmelidir. EÇiftçiler, yeni tarım ilacının uzun vadeli etkilerini tam olarak bilmedikleri sürece onu geniş çapta kullanmamayı tercih etmektedir.

43. Soru 43

    Aşağıdaki Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümle hangisidir?
    
    Bazı bilim insanlarına göre, kentlerdeki ağaç sayısının artırılması yaz aylarında hava sıcaklığını birkaç derece düşürebilir.
    ASome scientists have proven that cities with more trees are always a few degrees cooler in summer than rural areas. BAccording to some scientists, air temperatures in cities rise by a few degrees in summer because the number of trees has decreased. CAccording to some scientists, increasing the number of trees in cities could lower air temperatures by a few degrees during the summer months. DSome scientists argue that planting trees in cities is the only way to reduce summer temperatures by a few degrees. EAccording to some scientists, the number of trees in cities should be increased before temperatures rise by a few degrees in summer.

44. Soru 44

    Aşağıdaki Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümle hangisidir?
    
    Antik Mısırlılar, piramitleri inşa ederken sanıldığından çok daha gelişmiş matematiksel bilgiye sahipti.
    AWhen building the pyramids, the ancient Egyptians had much more advanced mathematical knowledge than was thought. BThe ancient Egyptians needed advanced mathematical knowledge to build the pyramids, as is commonly thought. CIt was thought that the ancient Egyptians used more advanced mathematics after building the pyramids. DThe mathematical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians was not as advanced as the pyramids suggest. EAlthough the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids, their mathematical knowledge was less advanced than expected.

45. Soru 45

    Aşağıdaki Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümle hangisidir?
    
    Uyku eksikliği yalnızca dikkat süresini kısaltmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda karar verme becerisini de olumsuz etkiler.
    ALack of sleep shortens attention span, but it has little effect on the ability to make decisions. BDecision-making skills are affected more negatively by lack of sleep than attention span is. CBecause lack of sleep shortens attention span, people find it harder to make decisions. DNot only attention span but also decision-making ability can be improved by getting enough sleep. ELack of sleep not only shortens attention span but also negatively affects the ability to make decisions.

46. Soru 46

    Aşağıdaki Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümle hangisidir?
    
    Yeni ilacın yan etkileri henüz tam olarak bilinmediğinden, doktorlar onu yalnızca ağır vakalarda reçete ediyor.
    ADoctors prescribe the new drug in severe cases even though its side effects are fully known. BSince the side effects of the new drug are not yet fully known, doctors prescribe it only in severe cases. CDoctors do not prescribe the new drug in severe cases because its side effects have not been studied yet. DThe side effects of the new drug will be fully known only after doctors prescribe it in severe cases. ESince doctors prescribe the new drug only in severe cases, its side effects are not yet fully known.

47. Soru 47

    Aşağıdaki Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümle hangisidir?
    
    Ekonomistlerin çoğu, enflasyonun önümüzdeki yıl beklenenden daha yavaş düşeceği konusunda hemfikir.
    AMost economists expected inflation to fall more slowly last year than it actually did. BFew economists agree that inflation will fall faster than expected next year. CMost economists disagree about whether inflation will fall next year as expected. DMost economists agree that inflation will fall more slowly than expected next year. EMost economists agree that inflation will rise more slowly next year than it did this year.

48. Soru 48

    Aşağıdaki Türkçe cümleye anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümle hangisidir?
    
    Tarihçiler, bu el yazmasının 12. yüzyılda bir manastırda kopyalanmış olabileceğini düşünüyor.
    AHistorians know for certain that this manuscript was written by a monk in the 12th century. BHistorians believe that this manuscript was copied from a 12th-century original kept in a monastery. CHistorians think that this manuscript may have been copied in a monastery in the 12th century. DAccording to historians, this manuscript must have been kept in a monastery until the 12th century. EHistorians think that this manuscript could not have been copied in a monastery before the 12th century.

49. Soru 49

    For more than a century, researchers have known that information is remembered better when study sessions are spread out over time rather than crowded into a single long session. This phenomenon, known as the spacing effect, has been demonstrated with learners of all ages, from young children memorising new words to medical students preparing for difficult exams. Despite this strong evidence, many students still prefer to study intensively the night before a test. One reason is that cramming creates a feeling of fluency: because the material has just been seen, it seems familiar, and learners mistakenly conclude that they have mastered it. Spaced practice, on the other hand, often feels harder, since some forgetting takes place between sessions. However, researchers argue that this very difficulty is useful, as the effort required to recall partly forgotten information strengthens long-term memory. Consequently, teachers are being encouraged to revisit earlier topics regularly instead of covering each one only once.
    
    According to the passage, the spacing effect ----.
    Awas first discovered by medical students preparing for exams Bhas been observed in learners from a wide range of age groups Conly works when study sessions are long and intensive Dis rarely supported by scientific evidence Ehelps young children more than it helps adults

50. Soru 50

    For more than a century, researchers have known that information is remembered better when study sessions are spread out over time rather than crowded into a single long session. This phenomenon, known as the spacing effect, has been demonstrated with learners of all ages, from young children memorising new words to medical students preparing for difficult exams. Despite this strong evidence, many students still prefer to study intensively the night before a test. One reason is that cramming creates a feeling of fluency: because the material has just been seen, it seems familiar, and learners mistakenly conclude that they have mastered it. Spaced practice, on the other hand, often feels harder, since some forgetting takes place between sessions. However, researchers argue that this very difficulty is useful, as the effort required to recall partly forgotten information strengthens long-term memory. Consequently, teachers are being encouraged to revisit earlier topics regularly instead of covering each one only once.
    
    It is stated in the passage that many students prefer cramming because ----.
    Aspaced practice has been shown to be harmful for long-term memory Bteachers usually cover each topic only once Cthey forget less when they study the night before a test Drecently seen material feels familiar and gives a false sense of mastery Eit requires more effort than spaced practice

51. Soru 51

    For more than a century, researchers have known that information is remembered better when study sessions are spread out over time rather than crowded into a single long session. This phenomenon, known as the spacing effect, has been demonstrated with learners of all ages, from young children memorising new words to medical students preparing for difficult exams. Despite this strong evidence, many students still prefer to study intensively the night before a test. One reason is that cramming creates a feeling of fluency: because the material has just been seen, it seems familiar, and learners mistakenly conclude that they have mastered it. Spaced practice, on the other hand, often feels harder, since some forgetting takes place between sessions. However, researchers argue that this very difficulty is useful, as the effort required to recall partly forgotten information strengthens long-term memory. Consequently, teachers are being encouraged to revisit earlier topics regularly instead of covering each one only once.
    
    According to the passage, the difficulty experienced in spaced practice ----.
    Ashould be reduced by shortening the gaps between sessions Bis the main reason teachers avoid revisiting earlier topics Cproves that learners have not understood the material Dmakes students feel more confident than cramming does Eis actually beneficial because recalling partly forgotten information strengthens memory

52. Soru 52

    Mangrove forests grow along tropical coastlines, where their tangled roots stand in salty water that would kill most other trees. Although they cover less than one percent of the world's land surface, mangroves provide services that are far greater than their size might suggest. Their dense roots slow down waves and reduce the damage caused by storms, protecting coastal villages. They also serve as nurseries for many species of fish, which spend their early lives among the roots before moving to the open sea. In addition, mangrove soils store large amounts of carbon, in some cases several times more per hectare than tropical rainforests. Unfortunately, these forests have been cleared rapidly over recent decades, mainly to make room for shrimp farms and coastal development. When mangroves are destroyed, the carbon locked in their soils can be released into the atmosphere. For this reason, a number of countries have launched replanting projects, although scientists warn that such projects succeed only when local communities are involved.
    
    According to the passage, one reason mangroves are valuable is that ----.
    Athey help reduce the damage that storms cause to coastal areas Bthey cover a large part of the world's land surface Cthey grow faster than most tropical rainforest trees Dthey provide an ideal environment for shrimp farms Ethey can survive in fresh water as well as salt water

53. Soru 53

    Mangrove forests grow along tropical coastlines, where their tangled roots stand in salty water that would kill most other trees. Although they cover less than one percent of the world's land surface, mangroves provide services that are far greater than their size might suggest. Their dense roots slow down waves and reduce the damage caused by storms, protecting coastal villages. They also serve as nurseries for many species of fish, which spend their early lives among the roots before moving to the open sea. In addition, mangrove soils store large amounts of carbon, in some cases several times more per hectare than tropical rainforests. Unfortunately, these forests have been cleared rapidly over recent decades, mainly to make room for shrimp farms and coastal development. When mangroves are destroyed, the carbon locked in their soils can be released into the atmosphere. For this reason, a number of countries have launched replanting projects, although scientists warn that such projects succeed only when local communities are involved.
    
    It is clear from the passage that young fish ----.
    Acannot survive in the open sea at any stage of their lives Bdamage the roots of mangrove trees while feeding Cuse mangrove roots as a place to live during their early development Dare the main cause of mangrove loss in recent decades Ehelp mangroves store carbon in their soils

54. Soru 54

    Mangrove forests grow along tropical coastlines, where their tangled roots stand in salty water that would kill most other trees. Although they cover less than one percent of the world's land surface, mangroves provide services that are far greater than their size might suggest. Their dense roots slow down waves and reduce the damage caused by storms, protecting coastal villages. They also serve as nurseries for many species of fish, which spend their early lives among the roots before moving to the open sea. In addition, mangrove soils store large amounts of carbon, in some cases several times more per hectare than tropical rainforests. Unfortunately, these forests have been cleared rapidly over recent decades, mainly to make room for shrimp farms and coastal development. When mangroves are destroyed, the carbon locked in their soils can be released into the atmosphere. For this reason, a number of countries have launched replanting projects, although scientists warn that such projects succeed only when local communities are involved.
    
    According to the passage, scientists believe that replanting projects ----.
    Ahave failed in every country that has tried them Bshould be replaced by the construction of shrimp farms Crelease large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere Dare only successful if local people take part in them Eare unnecessary because mangroves recover naturally

55. Soru 55

    Before the nineteenth century, most towns set their clocks according to the position of the sun, so noon was the moment when the sun was highest in the sky. As a result, the time in one town could differ by several minutes from the time in a town only a short distance to the east or west. For centuries, this caused few problems, since people rarely travelled quickly enough to notice. The arrival of the railways, however, changed the situation completely. Train companies found it almost impossible to publish clear timetables when every station followed its own local time, and passengers frequently missed connections. In Britain, railway companies gradually adopted a single standard time during the 1840s, and most towns eventually followed their example. Later, in 1884, an international conference divided the world into time zones based on the meridian passing through Greenwich. Interestingly, some communities resisted the change for years, as they viewed local time as part of their identity.
    
    According to the passage, before the nineteenth century ----.
    Aall towns in Britain used the same time Brailway timetables were based on Greenwich time Cpeople often complained about differences in local time Dclocks were set according to the time zones agreed at an international conference Elocal time was determined by the position of the sun in each town

56. Soru 56

    Before the nineteenth century, most towns set their clocks according to the position of the sun, so noon was the moment when the sun was highest in the sky. As a result, the time in one town could differ by several minutes from the time in a town only a short distance to the east or west. For centuries, this caused few problems, since people rarely travelled quickly enough to notice. The arrival of the railways, however, changed the situation completely. Train companies found it almost impossible to publish clear timetables when every station followed its own local time, and passengers frequently missed connections. In Britain, railway companies gradually adopted a single standard time during the 1840s, and most towns eventually followed their example. Later, in 1884, an international conference divided the world into time zones based on the meridian passing through Greenwich. Interestingly, some communities resisted the change for years, as they viewed local time as part of their identity.
    
    It is stated in the passage that railway companies ----.
    Aopposed the idea of dividing the world into time zones Bhad difficulty preparing clear timetables because stations used different local times Cwere forced by law to adopt standard time in 1884 Dencouraged towns to keep their own local time as part of their identity Ereduced the number of trains to avoid missed connections

57. Soru 57

    Before the nineteenth century, most towns set their clocks according to the position of the sun, so noon was the moment when the sun was highest in the sky. As a result, the time in one town could differ by several minutes from the time in a town only a short distance to the east or west. For centuries, this caused few problems, since people rarely travelled quickly enough to notice. The arrival of the railways, however, changed the situation completely. Train companies found it almost impossible to publish clear timetables when every station followed its own local time, and passengers frequently missed connections. In Britain, railway companies gradually adopted a single standard time during the 1840s, and most towns eventually followed their example. Later, in 1884, an international conference divided the world into time zones based on the meridian passing through Greenwich. Interestingly, some communities resisted the change for years, as they viewed local time as part of their identity.
    
    It can be understood from the passage that some communities ----.
    Awere reluctant to give up local time because they saw it as part of who they were Borganised the international conference held in 1884 Cnever used local time based on the sun Dadopted standard time before the railway companies did Etravelled more quickly than people in other towns

58. Soru 58

    For several decades, many manufacturers have followed a strategy known as just-in-time production. Instead of keeping large stocks of parts in warehouses, companies order materials so that they arrive shortly before they are needed on the production line. This approach reduces storage costs and prevents money from being tied up in unused goods, which explains why it became popular among car makers and electronics firms. However, the strategy depends on suppliers delivering on schedule. When a single factory abroad stops working because of a natural disaster or a transport problem, companies with small stocks may be forced to halt production within days. Several global disruptions in recent years have exposed this weakness, leading some firms to rethink their approach. Rather than abandoning just-in-time methods entirely, many are now keeping slightly larger reserves of critical components and buying from a greater number of suppliers. Economists describe this shift as a move from pure efficiency towards greater resilience.
    
    According to the passage, just-in-time production became popular because it ----.
    Aguarantees that suppliers always deliver on schedule Ballows companies to rely on a single foreign supplier Clowers storage costs and avoids tying up money in unused goods Dprotects firms against natural disasters Erequires companies to build larger warehouses

59. Soru 59

    For several decades, many manufacturers have followed a strategy known as just-in-time production. Instead of keeping large stocks of parts in warehouses, companies order materials so that they arrive shortly before they are needed on the production line. This approach reduces storage costs and prevents money from being tied up in unused goods, which explains why it became popular among car makers and electronics firms. However, the strategy depends on suppliers delivering on schedule. When a single factory abroad stops working because of a natural disaster or a transport problem, companies with small stocks may be forced to halt production within days. Several global disruptions in recent years have exposed this weakness, leading some firms to rethink their approach. Rather than abandoning just-in-time methods entirely, many are now keeping slightly larger reserves of critical components and buying from a greater number of suppliers. Economists describe this shift as a move from pure efficiency towards greater resilience.
    
    It is stated in the passage that the main weakness of just-in-time production is that ----.
    Ait is too expensive for car makers and electronics firms Bit forces companies to keep large reserves of parts Cit has never been used successfully outside the car industry Da delay at a single supplier can quickly stop production Eeconomists do not consider it efficient

60. Soru 60

    For several decades, many manufacturers have followed a strategy known as just-in-time production. Instead of keeping large stocks of parts in warehouses, companies order materials so that they arrive shortly before they are needed on the production line. This approach reduces storage costs and prevents money from being tied up in unused goods, which explains why it became popular among car makers and electronics firms. However, the strategy depends on suppliers delivering on schedule. When a single factory abroad stops working because of a natural disaster or a transport problem, companies with small stocks may be forced to halt production within days. Several global disruptions in recent years have exposed this weakness, leading some firms to rethink their approach. Rather than abandoning just-in-time methods entirely, many are now keeping slightly larger reserves of critical components and buying from a greater number of suppliers. Economists describe this shift as a move from pure efficiency towards greater resilience.
    
    It can be inferred from the passage that many firms today ----.
    Ahave completely rejected just-in-time methods Bare reducing the number of suppliers they work with Cno longer care about storage costs Dprefer efficiency to resilience more than ever before Eare trying to balance efficiency with protection against disruption

61. Soru 61

    Most mammals sleep with both halves of the brain at the same time, but dolphins have developed a remarkable alternative. They can rest one half of the brain while the other half remains awake, a pattern known as unihemispheric sleep. During this state, the eye connected to the sleeping half is usually closed, while the other eye stays open. Scientists believe this ability evolved for two main reasons. First, dolphins breathe air and must return to the surface regularly; complete unconsciousness could therefore be dangerous. Second, keeping part of the brain alert allows them to watch for predators and stay in contact with their group. Studies of captive dolphins have shown that the two halves take turns, so each receives several hours of rest in a day. Similar forms of sleep have been observed in some birds, particularly during long flights over the ocean. These findings suggest that sleep is more flexible than researchers once assumed.
    
    According to the passage, during unihemispheric sleep ----.
    Aboth of a dolphin's eyes remain closed Bone half of the brain rests while the other half stays awake Cdolphins stop breathing for several hours Dthe dolphin's brain does not receive any rest Edolphins lose contact with their group

62. Soru 62

    Most mammals sleep with both halves of the brain at the same time, but dolphins have developed a remarkable alternative. They can rest one half of the brain while the other half remains awake, a pattern known as unihemispheric sleep. During this state, the eye connected to the sleeping half is usually closed, while the other eye stays open. Scientists believe this ability evolved for two main reasons. First, dolphins breathe air and must return to the surface regularly; complete unconsciousness could therefore be dangerous. Second, keeping part of the brain alert allows them to watch for predators and stay in contact with their group. Studies of captive dolphins have shown that the two halves take turns, so each receives several hours of rest in a day. Similar forms of sleep have been observed in some birds, particularly during long flights over the ocean. These findings suggest that sleep is more flexible than researchers once assumed.
    
    According to the passage, complete unconsciousness could be dangerous for dolphins because ----.
    Athey need to come up to the surface regularly to breathe Bthey sleep for only a few minutes a day Cbirds attack them during long flights over the ocean Dcaptive dolphins sleep more than wild ones Eboth halves of their brain must rest at the same time

63. Soru 63

    Most mammals sleep with both halves of the brain at the same time, but dolphins have developed a remarkable alternative. They can rest one half of the brain while the other half remains awake, a pattern known as unihemispheric sleep. During this state, the eye connected to the sleeping half is usually closed, while the other eye stays open. Scientists believe this ability evolved for two main reasons. First, dolphins breathe air and must return to the surface regularly; complete unconsciousness could therefore be dangerous. Second, keeping part of the brain alert allows them to watch for predators and stay in contact with their group. Studies of captive dolphins have shown that the two halves take turns, so each receives several hours of rest in a day. Similar forms of sleep have been observed in some birds, particularly during long flights over the ocean. These findings suggest that sleep is more flexible than researchers once assumed.
    
    Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?
    AUnihemispheric sleep is found only in dolphins. BScientists have always believed that sleep is a fixed process. CSleep may take different forms in different animals, depending on their needs. DCaptive dolphins sleep with both halves of the brain at once. EBirds sleep less than dolphins during long flights.

64. Soru 64

    Aşağıdaki konuşmada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Student:
    Professor, I read that honeybees can recognise human faces. Is that really true?
    Professor:
    Yes, some experiments suggest so. Bees were trained to associate a particular face photo with a sugar reward.
    Student:
    ----
    Professor:
    Not in the way we do. They probably treat faces as patterns of shapes rather than as people.
    AHow long did it take to train the bees? BWere the photos in colour or black and white? CWhy did the researchers choose sugar as a reward? DSo do they actually understand that they are looking at a person? EHave other insects been tested in the same way?

65. Soru 65

    Aşağıdaki konuşmada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Ahmet:
    I've decided to install solar panels on the roof of our house.
    Sara:
    That's a big investment. ----
    Ahmet:
    The installer said about eight years, but electricity prices are rising, so it could be sooner.
    ADo you know which company makes the panels? BWill the panels still work on cloudy days? CDid you have to get permission from the neighbours? DHow many panels will fit on your roof? EHow long will it take before the savings cover the cost?

66. Soru 66

    Aşağıdaki konuşmada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Journalist:
    Your research shows that people trust news less than they did ten years ago. What is the main cause?
    Researcher:
    ----
    Journalist:
    So you mean that the sheer volume of content makes it harder to tell reliable sources from unreliable ones?
    Researcher:
    Exactly.
    AWe think it's largely because people now receive information from so many different channels at once. BActually, our data show that trust has increased slightly among older people. CWe haven't yet published the full results of the study. DNewspapers used to employ far more journalists than they do today. EMost of our participants were university students living in large cities.

67. Soru 67

    Aşağıdaki konuşmada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Lena:
    Did you hear that the city is planning to close the main street to cars on weekends?
    Mark:
    Yes, and I think it's a great idea. ----
    Lena:
    Maybe, but shop owners are worried that fewer customers will come if they can't park nearby.
    Mark:
    Well, studies from other cities show that pedestrian areas often increase sales.
    AI don't usually go to the city centre at weekends anyway. BIt'll make the area quieter and more pleasant for people walking around. CParking in the city centre has always been free. DThe shop owners have strongly supported the plan from the start. EBut the plan will probably be cancelled before the summer.

68. Soru 68

    Aşağıdaki konuşmada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.
    
    Patient:
    I've been having trouble falling asleep lately, and I feel tired all day.
    Doctor:
    Do you use your phone or computer before going to bed?
    Patient:
    ----
    Doctor:
    That might be part of the problem. The light from screens can delay the release of the hormone that makes you sleepy.
    ANo, I usually read a paper book for half an hour instead. BI go to bed at the same time every night. CYes, I often check messages in bed until I fall asleep. DI've stopped drinking coffee in the afternoon. EI don't think stress has anything to do with it.

69. Soru 69

    Verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümle hangisidir?
    
    Had the engineers tested the bridge more carefully, the cracks would have been noticed much earlier.
    AThe engineers noticed the cracks early because they tested the bridge carefully. BAlthough the engineers tested the bridge carefully, they did not notice the cracks. CThe cracks appeared in the bridge long after the engineers had tested it. DThe engineers would test the bridge more carefully if they noticed any cracks. EThe cracks were not noticed until much later because the engineers did not test the bridge carefully enough.

70. Soru 70

    Verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümle hangisidir?
    
    It was not until the invention of the microscope that scientists could study cells in detail.
    AScientists invented the microscope in order to study cells in detail. BEven before the microscope was invented, scientists had studied cells in detail. CThe microscope was invented soon after scientists began studying cells. DScientists were able to study cells in detail only after the microscope was invented. EStudying cells in detail did not become easier after the invention of the microscope.

71. Soru 71

    Verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümle hangisidir?
    
    No other planet in the solar system rotates as quickly as Jupiter does.
    AJupiter rotates more quickly than any other planet in the solar system. BSome planets in the solar system rotate as quickly as Jupiter. CJupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, so it rotates quickly. DJupiter rotates more slowly than most planets in the solar system. EThe rotation speed of Jupiter is similar to that of the other planets.

72. Soru 72

    Verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümle hangisidir?
    
    The more a language is used online, the less likely it is to disappear in the coming decades.
    ALanguages that are rarely used online are expected to become more popular in the coming decades. BUsing a language online can cause it to disappear in the coming decades. CA language's chances of surviving in the coming decades increase as its online use grows. DWhether a language disappears has nothing to do with how often it is used online. EIn the coming decades, most languages will be used online less than they are today.

73. Soru 73

    Verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın cümle hangisidir?
    
    Despite being cheaper to produce, plastic packaging causes long-term environmental damage.
    ABecause plastic packaging is cheap to produce, it causes little environmental damage. BAlthough plastic packaging costs less to produce, it harms the environment in the long term. CPlastic packaging would be cheaper to produce if it did not damage the environment. DThe environmental damage caused by plastic packaging makes it more expensive to produce. EPlastic packaging is neither cheap to produce nor harmful to the environment.

74. Soru 74

    Aşağıdaki parçada boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
    
    Volcanic eruptions are usually associated with destruction, yet they can also benefit the areas around them over time. ---- These nutrients make the soil extremely fertile, which is why farming communities have often settled on the slopes of active volcanoes despite the obvious risks. The island of Java, for instance, supports a very dense population largely thanks to its rich volcanic soils.
    ASome eruptions are so powerful that they affect the global climate for several years. BScientists still cannot predict exactly when a volcano will erupt. CMost active volcanoes are located along the edges of tectonic plates. DMany people living near volcanoes are evacuated when an eruption begins. EThe ash they produce gradually breaks down and releases minerals such as potassium and phosphorus.

75. Soru 75

    Aşağıdaki parçada boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
    
    In the early twentieth century, most city dwellers bought their food from small local shops and open-air markets. ---- Supermarkets offered a wide range of products under one roof at lower prices, since they could buy goods in large quantities. As a result, many small shops were unable to compete and closed down. Recently, however, farmers' markets have become popular again as consumers show greater interest in fresh, locally produced food.
    AFarmers' markets are usually open only one or two days a week. BLocal shops often knew their customers personally. CFood prices rose sharply during the early twentieth century. DThis pattern began to change in the middle of the century with the spread of supermarkets. EMany consumers today are concerned about the use of chemicals in farming.

76. Soru 76

    Aşağıdaki parçada boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
    
    Bilingual children are sometimes slower than monolingual children to build a large vocabulary in each of their languages. Parents may therefore worry that learning two languages at once will harm their child's development. ---- When the words a bilingual child knows in both languages are counted together, the total is usually similar to, or even larger than, that of a child who speaks only one language. Moreover, several studies suggest that bilingual children become skilled at switching attention between tasks.
    AHowever, researchers point out that such worries are largely unfounded. BFor this reason, many schools have stopped teaching a second language. CChildren usually say their first words at around the age of one. DMonolingual children often learn a second language at secondary school. EIndeed, most bilingual children eventually forget one of their languages.

77. Soru 77

    Aşağıdaki parçada boş bırakılan yere, parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
    
    The Great Wall of China is often described as a single wall, but in reality it is a collection of many walls built over roughly two thousand years. Different dynasties constructed sections using the materials that were available locally, such as earth, stone and wood. ---- Much of the wall that tourists visit today dates from this period, when bricks and stone were used on a large scale to strengthen defences in the north.
    AContrary to popular belief, the wall cannot be seen with the naked eye from space. BMany sections have been damaged by wind, rain and human activity. CThe most famous and best-preserved sections, however, were built during the Ming dynasty. DEarth walls were cheap to build but easily worn away. EThe wall was also used to control trade along the Silk Road.

78. Soru 78

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış cümlelerden hangisi parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozmaktadır?
    
    (I) Roman concrete has survived for about two thousand years, while many modern concrete structures begin to crack within decades. (II) Researchers have long tried to understand the secret of its durability. (III) Recent studies suggest that small lumps of lime in the mixture react with water entering cracks and fill them with new minerals. (IV) The Roman Empire reached its largest size in the second century AD. (V) Engineers now hope to use this self-healing process to design longer-lasting building materials.
    AI BII CIII DIV EV

79. Soru 79

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış cümlelerden hangisi parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozmaktadır?
    
    (I) The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the second half of the eighteenth century. (II) Britain is today one of the most popular destinations for international students. (III) Among the factors behind this early start were large deposits of coal and iron. (IV) In addition, a growing population provided both workers for factories and buyers for manufactured goods. (V) Britain's overseas trade network also made it easier to obtain raw materials such as cotton.
    AI BII CIII DIV EV

80. Soru 80

    Aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış cümlelerden hangisi parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozmaktadır?
    
    (I) Procrastination is often seen as a problem of poor time management. (II) However, psychologists increasingly argue that it is mainly a problem of managing emotions. (III) People tend to delay tasks that make them feel anxious, bored or uncertain. (IV) By putting the task off, they gain short-term relief from these unpleasant feelings, although the stress usually returns later. (V) Time management apps have become some of the most downloaded programs in recent years.
    AI BII CIII DIV EV